Nositel N-1 Lunar Launch Vehicle – N-1 First Stage

Bottom view of an N-1 first stage.  A little lens trickery was perhaps used here to make the technicians look so small in comparison to it, as was often done by the Soviets for propaganda purposes. The layout of the 30 NK-33 engines is clearly visible.

n1 2 1

Choosing to use so many smaller engines vs. a few large engines, as was the case for the American Saturn V which utilized 5 F-1 engines, proved to be the downfall of the entire Soviet lunar program. A single-engine failure was supposed to have been compensated for by a rudimentary computer system called KORD.  The KORD system would shut down the bad engine and, to keep the thrust symmetrical and the vehicle balanced, also shut down the engine directly opposite to it.  However, the KORD system was never able to detect engine failure and take the appropriate steps to prevent catastrophic damage to the vehicle soon enough.  The result was 4 failed launches in 4 attempts – none of them have ever even fired their second or third stages.

Picture of Luna Spacey

Luna Spacey

Luna Spacey, a distinguished space researcher, earned her Ph.D. in Astrophysics from MIT, specializing in exotic matter near black holes. Joining NASA post-graduation, she significantly contributed to the discovery of gravitational waves, enriching cosmic understanding. With a 15-year stellar career, Luna has numerous published papers and is currently spearheading a dark matter research project. Beyond her profession, she’s an avid stargazer, dedicated to community science education through local school workshops. Luna also cherishes hiking and astrophotography, hobbies that harmoniously blend her admiration for nature and the cosmos, making her a revered figure in both the scientific and local communities.

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